ࡱ> .0-5@ bjbj22 ,XXHHHHHHH\  \,$ R vHHH""" HH""""D#HHo u3 ; 0,C,| | o\\HHHH| Ho0"\\ \\5 SOUND ISSUES VOLUME Volume is governed by a combination of the following ideas: Bow speed. Bow placement on the string. Arm weight. Bow speed All else being equal, the faster the bow speed, the louder the volume. Weight Arm weight influences both volume and tone. To understand the feel of arm weight, drop your right arm from the shoulder and hang it towards the floor for 1 minute. Now, pick up your bow and try to replicate the feel as you bow the string. You should not feel any tension. Bow placement The bow is drawn across the string below the end of the fingerboard about the distance to the bridge. It should move at right angles to the string, and the stick should lean a little away from the bridge. The hair, before placement on the string, should be horizontal, as if it was resting flat on the floor. To increase volume you can bow closer to the bridge, and to lessen the volume you can bow closer to the end of the fingerboard. The weight on the bow will need to vary to maintain an acceptable tone. WOLF NOTE A wolf note is the name given to a note in which some interference occurs to the clear vibrations of the string. These are most commonly found on the first few notes up the D string. When a specific note is played, a jarring occurs at a pitch particular to that instrument. It seems to come and go with the changes in weather conditions. There are a few devices available which can moderate the problem. HARMONICS The prime tone is produced when bowing (or plucking) the open string. The partial tones or harmonics are produced by the vibration of fractional parts of the string. These are activated by lightly touching the nodal points of the string whilst bowing normally (or plucking). A node is the point on the vibrating string which remains at rest during the vibration of the other part of the string. The lowest harmonic pitch is produced at the centre of the string and is one octave higher than the open string. All other natural harmonics get progressively higher the closer you go toward either end of the string.      ̻}ohU)CJ$OJQJ^JaJ$hR41hU)OJQJ^J h$hU)CJOJQJ^JaJ#h$hU)>*CJOJQJ^JaJhU)CJOJQJ^JaJ h hU)CJ$OJQJ^JaJ$#hU#hU)5CJOJQJ^JaJ#hDhU)5CJ,OJQJ^JaJ,hU)5CJ,OJQJ^JaJ,T_|      & FdgdU)gdU)*&P 1h:p. A!"#$%V`V U)Normal d$CJOJPJQJ_HaJmH sH tH DAD Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No ListT_|00000 0 0 00000000000000    Paul & Helen6GaJFh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH6Ga         'U)!fP @ P@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z ArialU.{ @CalibriCentury Gothic?5 z Courier New;Wingdings"hdd44Yxr43qH)?5 SOUND ISSUES Paul & Helen Paul & Helen Oh+'0 $ @ L Xdlt|5 SOUND ISSUES SO Paul & HelenSaulaul Normal.dotn Paul & HelenS1ulMicrosoft Word 10.0@G@"cu3@^u34՜.+,0 hp   MontroseSA 5 SOUND ISSUES Title  !"#$&'()*+,/Root Entry Fuu31Data  1TableWordDocument,SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8%CompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q