==========================================================
 Pinyin-to-GR Conversion Tables (for initials and finals)
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There are three tables, preceded by instructions on their use.

Table 1: Some special syllables (mostly with zero initial)
Table 2: Initials
Table 3: Finals

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To convert a Pinyin syllable to Gwoyeu Romatzyh (GR):

(1) In Table 1, look for the Pinyin spelling/tone combination in the 
    rows and columns respectively, and get the corresponding GR 
    syllable from the body of the table.

    E.g. The GR equivalent of Pinyin "wei4" is found in row "wei", 
    column "Tone 4" of Table 1 -- namely "wey".

(2) If the Pinyin syllable being sought is not in Table 1, determine 
    the GR initial from Table 2, and the GR final from Table 3.
 
    Or, in the case of a zero initial, simply use Table 3 to look up 
    the GR equivalent syllable.

    E.g. Pinyin "xiao3" is not in the body of Table 1. Its initial "x"
    becomes "sh" in GR as we see from Table 2, and the final in GR is 
    "eau" as we see from Table 3.  

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It is possible to use the tables in reverse -- that is, to convert 
from GR to Pinyin, though it is not quite as straightforward as 
converting to GR. Here is how to do it:

(1) Try to find the GR syllable in the body of Table 1. If it is there, 
    its Pinyin equivalent is obtained by combining the names of its row 
    and column respectively.

    E.g. GR "iang" is in the row labelled "yang" and column "Tone 1".

(2) If the GR syllable is not in the body of Table 1, find its final in 
    the body of Table 3, and get the corresponding Pinyin final and tone 
    from the names of the row and column respectively. 

    E.g. "eau" is in row "iao", column "Tone 3". 

    Then convert the GR initial to a Pinyin initial. In most cases, the 
    Pinyin is the same as the GR initial. The exceptions are:

    tz changes to z
    ts changes to c
    sh changes to x        if the Pinyin final starts with i or u:
    ch changes to q        if the Pinyin final starts with i or u:
    j  changes to zh   unless the Pinyin final starts with i or u:

(3) If the resulting syllable is ju:, qu: or xu:, change it to ju, qu, xu 
    respectively.

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Table 1: Some special syllables (mostly with zero initial)

Pinyin		Tone 1	Tone 2	Tone 3	Tone 4
======		======	======	======	======

zhi		jy	jyr	jyy	jyh
chi		chy	chyr	chyy	chyh
shi		shy	shyr	shyy	shyh
ri		ry	ryr	ryy	ryh
zi		tzy	tzyr	tzyy	tzyh
ci		tsy	tsyr	tsyy	tsyh
si		sy	syr	syy	syh

ju		jiu	jyu	jeu	jiuh
qu		chiu	chyu	cheu	chiuh
xu		shiu	shyu	sheu	shiuh

yi		i	yi	yii	yih
ya		ia	ya	yea	yah
yo		io	-	-	-
ye		ie	ye	yee	yeh
yai		iai	yai	-	-
yao		iau	yau	yeau	yaw
you		iou	you	yeou	yow
yan		ian	yan	yean	yann
yin		in	yn	yiin	yinn
yang		iang	yang	yeang	yanq
ying		ing	yng	yiing	yinq
yong		iong	yong	yeong	yonq

wu		u	wu	wuu	wuh
wa		ua	wa	woa	wah
wo		uo	wo	woo	woh
wai		uai	wai	woai	way
wei		uei	wei	woei	wey
wan		uan	wan	woan	wann
wen		uen	wen	woen	wenn
wang		uang	wang	woang	wanq
weng		ueng	-	woeng	wenq

yu		iu	yu	yeu	yuh
yue		iue	yue	yeue	yueh
yuan		iuan	yuan	yeuan	yuann
yun		iun	yun	yeun	yunn

er		el	erl	eel	ell

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Table 2: Initials

Pinyin	GR
======	==
zh	j
q	ch
x	sh
z	tz
c	ts

b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, r, and s are the same in GR.

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Table 3: Finals

* Use the two right-hand columns of this table if and only if the initial is m, n, l 
  or r, and the tone is 1 or 2.

Pinyin		Tone 1	Tone 2	Tone 3	Tone 4		Tone 1	Tone 2
======		======	======	======	======		======	======
a		a	ar	aa	ah		ha	a 
o		o	or	oo	oh		ho	o
e		e	er	ee	eh		he	e
ai		ai	air	ae	ay		hai	ai
ei		ei	eir	eei	ey		hei	ei
ao		au	aur	ao	aw		hau	au
ou		ou	our	oou	ow		hou	ou
an		an	arn	aan	ann		han	an
en		en	ern	een	enn		hen	en
ang		ang	arng	aang	anq		hang	ang
eng		eng	erng	eeng	enq		heng	eng
ong		ong	orng	oong	onq		hong	ong
r		l	r	l	l	

i		i	yi	ii	ih		hi	i
ia		ia	ya	ea	iah		hia	ia
io		io	-	-	-		hio	-
ie		ie	ye	iee	ieh		hie	ie
iai		iai	yai	-	-		hiai	iai
iao		iau	yau	eau	iaw		hiau	iau
iu		iou	you	eou	iow		hiou	iou
ian		ian	yan	ean	iann		hian	ian
in		in	yn	iin	inn		hin	in
iang		iang	yang	eang	ianq		hiang	iang
ing		ing	yng	iing	inq		hing	ing
iong		iong	yong	eong	ionq		hiong	iong

u		u	wu	uu	uh		hu	u
ua		ua	wa	oa	uah		hua	ua
uo		uo	wo	uoo	uoh		huo	uo
uai		uai	wai	oai	uay		huai	uai
ui		uei	wei	oei	uey		huei	uei
uan		uan	wan	oan	uann		huan	uan
un		uen	wen	oen	uenn		huen	uen
uang		uang	wang	oang	uanq		huang	uang

u:		iu	yu	eu	iuh		hiu	iu
u:e		iue	yue	eue	iueh		hiue	iue
u:an		iuan	yuan	euan	iuann		hiuan	iuan
u:n		iun	yun	eun	iunn		hiun	iun

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This document was written/compiled by Richard Warmington, 
and is published on the Web at

http://home.iprimus.com.au/richwarm/gr/pygrconv.txt

Last modified: 12 December 1998